Here's what I learned in Tony Ryder's workshop: he taught us to do our sketches using vine charcoal, erasing any un-needed lines.
Then we drew over those charcoal lines with a VERY thin mixture of burnt umber and mineral sprits. This is dry quite quickly and as soon as it is, we brushed off the charcoal completely (using a soft cloth like a chamois). Voila -- no charcoal or graphite to have to cover or fix, just a nice clean under-drawing in very thin paint.
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