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Bougureau used statuary for his cherubs. Many of Rembrandt's paintings and etchings are less than realistic. Many multi-figured paintings have no shadows cast from one figure to the next since multiple model set-ups were impractical.
Artists were trained to do accurate drawings, indicating highlights with white chalk, in preparation for portrait paintings. The VIP subjects would come in for the subtle complexion notes. Hand models were used as well as lay-figures (manikins) for consistent clothing folds.
As I stated previously, most often the best realistic painters were the ones who were most clever at getting the best visual information to work from.
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