Lastly,
Here's how I apply this principle to my own work, in this black and white of Lin. Her head, body, and dog are a light value. Her dress is a dark value, and the rest of the painting is a middle value.
In the painting in the background, the entire painting is in middle values. There are no values darker the lightest dark value and no values lighter than the darkest light value. (...excuse my repeating this post of the Lin painting, but I think the principle is more easily seen when in black and white.)
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